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Kraft's video data recorder

Kraft has developed ROME, a ‘black box’ diagnostic tool for packaging machinery that combines data collection and video from two cameras.

Kraft's 'black-box' technology provides a new kind of machinery troubleshooting capability that combines data acquisition with h
Kraft's 'black-box' technology provides a new kind of machinery troubleshooting capability that combines data acquisition with h

Researchers at Kraft Foods, Glenview, IL, have developed ROME, Remote Observer of Manufacturing Equipment, a concept inspired by the black box flight recorder used to analyze airplane disasters.

ROME provides analysis of high-speed equipment stoppages, slowdowns, or inefficiencies. It combines data acquisition, and video imaging to ensure peak performance and faster, predictable new line startups, according to Kraft. ROME is an outgrowth of Kraft’s Advanced Manufacturing Systems (AMS) approach under the direction of Dr. Dragan Filipovic, scientist at Kraft’s Global Technology & Quality department. The objective of AMS platform is to develop advanced diagnostic and servicing tools to maximize line performance and reduce equipment downtime.

Kraft is licensing the technology through PercepTek Inc., which will consult, deploy, and service ROME systems. The highlights to the basic ROME system include the following:

Two color video cameras using 640x480 pixel resolution operate from 30 -60 frames/sec; as many as four cameras can be used.

Accepts up to 265 digital inputs (optically insulated, input voltage from 5 VDC/VAC to 250 VDC/VAC).

Accepts 16 analog signals of 4-20mA (12-bit resolution).

ROME has a real-time clock and is designed with no outputs. That’s intentional so that there is no possibility it will influence the operation of a machine’s control system, according to Dr. Filipovic.

Sampling time for all digital and analog signals is 10 msec.

Can be set to capture events 10 seconds before the trigger occurs.

Up to 80 independent 10-sec “events” could be automatically captured

ROME can monitor machinery equipped with any type/brand of PLC control system.

ROME’s “off-the-shelf” hardware components are from National Instruments.

The hardware for a basic system as described above is available for under $20ꯠ, according to Dr. Alok Sarwal, program manager and senior robotics scientist of PercepTek, which has expertise in real-time programming of vision-equipped robotics.

When asked about PercepTek’s involvement, Dr. Sarwal says, “A common thread from robotics to ROME is in programming and analyzing real-time behavior and sensor monitoring, such as 10-15 updates per second.” Sarwal says that most of ROME’s elements are common to automated robotic systems that PercepTek has developed.

Continuous monitoring

Like a black box recorder, ROME stores data in a “cyclical” buffer that holds 10 last seconds video and data information from all 256 digital channels, 16 analog channels and two video cameras (FIFO memory concept: First-In-First-Out). When an event occurs, ROME system is triggered and last 10 seconds of information stored in the ROME’s “cyclical buffer, is “dumped” to its internal hard drive where it is permanently stored for later analysis.

Dr. Filipovic says that root cause of machine jams or unexpected stoppage is often misinterpreted by line operators or even “masked” by another event. Sometimes one event tends to trigger others; in other words, a problem situation often leads to another in cascading fashion so root-cause of the problem is very difficult to “catch”. Furthermore, problems could be sporadic and could happen over longer periods of time—even experienced line operators assigned to watch for a “root-cause” may return with no conclusive answer. For periodic problems even weeks apart, ROME remains watchful and ready. “It’s automatic and hands-free,” says Dr. Sarwal.

Because of the direct connections required, the data collection hardware is located in close proximity to the machine it is monitoring. A laptop computer can be connected to ROME system at any point to upload the data from ROME for a detailed analysis.

Although the components are standard, Dr. Sarwal says it took PercepTek six months to develop the programming that makes everything work together. “We have to instruct the system how to acquire signals, how to time-stamp them, and how to fuse the data and video together.”

Meticulous post-processing of the events captured by ROME system is handled by a PC based program called “Data-Viewer;” a user-friendly Graphic User Interface (GUI) permits step-by-step analysis of video frames and PLC data in 10 msec increments on the same screen.

Three analyses options

Dr. Filipovic says the collected information can be handled in three ways:

1. Off-line analysis aimed to pinpoint the root cause of an unexpected event. This is typically a jam or other error condition, he says.

2. Off-line analysis to understand why a machine is not operating at full capability under certain conditions or operates differently in different time periods such as shift changes.

3. On-line to make “near real-time” comparison between two machine [I]signatures[n], a reference machine that runs at peak performance and a lower performer.

“The first step is to understand the problem,” Filipovic says.

That’s exactly how Kraft has been testing ROME prototype on its own packaging machinery.

ROME on track at Kraft

A single ROME prototype system was developed and tested at three Kraft locations: its R&D center in Glenview, IL; a cartoner at another facility in Midwest; and its present installation on the West Coast, where it was installed earlier this year.

The concept was tested in the Lab using a train set two years ago, according to Dr. Filipovic. He was amused to see that setup drew curious interest from associates. “The train setup helped us to create a powerful, yet straight-forward analogy with a machine operation concept that gets down to the root causes of problems.” It works whether the event is a derailed toy train or a vertical form/fill/seal machine—Kraft applied what they’d learn about the technology in analyzing simulated toy train wrecks to packaging machinery problems.

Kraft moved ROME from the lab to a plant where it was installed and closely watched during extended period of time. The main goal of this stage was to verify that ROME hardware would survive unforgiving industrial environments.

Kraft was also using ROME diagnostic system on another packaging machine to determine why the machine occasionally loses 25% efficiency in an unpredictable manner.

Kraft uses a lot of highly customized machinery, Dr. Filipovic says, which results in start-ups that are often a lot longer than with standard equipment.

Kraft’s lessons learned

Some of the lessons and restrictions Kraft has learned from its use of ROME:

Affixing cameras to the machine frame is not a good idea, due to vibration, so a floor tripod works better.

Additional illumination provides better video quality

Preparation of a machine for ROME deployment requires “double wiring” of many input/output channels.

ROME must be located close to machine due to signal cables, a maximum of about 15 ft.

Dr. Sarwal says that one of the benefits of the system is that data can be uploaded to a laptop computer and from there can be electronically transmitted via the Internet. That means the analyzing technician can be anywhere in the world.

“It’s a generic platform—ROME can be hooked up to any machine,” says Dr. Sarwal, noting that older machinery may require custom rewiring for output to the ROME system.

“This is new, it’s licensed and it’s available,” sums Dr. Filipovic. The one catch is that ROME is not available to Kraft competitors which, considering the company’s portfolio, covers a lot of territory.

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